American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) Practice Exam

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Which vaccine is associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures in children?

Varicella vaccine
Meningococcal vaccine
MMR vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine

The correct answer is: MMR vaccine

The MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine is associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures in children, particularly within 7 to 10 days following vaccination. This is due to the live attenuated viruses present in the vaccine, which can lead to fever as the immune system responds to the vaccine. While febrile seizures can occur in children experiencing high fever, the incidence associated with the MMR vaccine is generally low, with studies showing that the overall risk is outweighed by the benefits of vaccination in preventing these serious diseases. The other vaccines listed do not carry a significant association with febrile seizures in a similar manner, making the MMR vaccine the correct choice in this context.